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Lexicon

Hopf algebra : set with two mathematical struc-tures called algebra and coalgebra, obeying sev-eral rules.

Numerical analysis: branch of mathematics con-cerned, on the one hand, with solving mathemat-ical problems numerically (by computer) in an exact or approximate manner and, on the other hand, with demonstrating that the methods of resolution are indeed exact or to what degree they are approximate.

Functional analysis: branch of mathematics that studies sets of functions equipped with certain rules.

Stochastic analysis: branch of mathematics that studies time-dependent random phenomena.

Differential geometry: branch of mathematics using analysis tools on geometric objects.

Solenoid of a torus: a curve winding evenly around a torus.

Torus: the shape of a doughnut or a buoy.